THE STRING THEORY.
WHY WAS THERE A NEED FOR SOMETHING OTHER THAN GENERAL RELATIVITY???
We have 2 existing theories about how our universe works. (which are proved too.)
These are, Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity
General Relativity is basically a better way of saying “gravity”. It explains that gravity is gravity because something causes spacetime to bend due to it’s mass. So the bend in spacetime causes matter to get attracted to it and the object moves towards the attracting object (or the object with higher mass-> gravity). Then it explains that matter obeys Einstein’s Field Equations, which is a bunch of equations which determine what matter does, how does it do that and why does it do what it does. Now, someone solved these equations and named it “Friedman Lemaître Robinson Walker Solution”, which tells how Einstein’s field equations can be applied to the universe as a whole (it determined the past, present and future!).
However we say that it is incomplete.
Why?
Because of Quantum Mechanics.
It’s general idea is you have powers. Which is that you can change something just by looking. Young carried an experiment to show the dual nature of electrons. However upon careful “frame-by-frame” observation, we saw that it existed in only one state at a time [what he did was that he passed electrons through different slits and observed]. However, it usually existed in two states, both as a wave and a particle [dual nature of light]. This is the observer effect. Now we come to quantum entanglement. Which states that if you can create anything you want and create 2 “virtual” particles, they have to be opposite in terms of their spin (spin is something which every particle has) to preserve the balance of angular momentum (anything which is rotating has this)(in the universe). However this spin is only determined once you see it (you can’t know it until you’ve seen it!).
This means that everything has a 0.5 probability of happening and General Relativity states that everything happens because it’s supposed to (a 1 probability)
WHAT IS THE STRING THEORY???
String theory is basically the scientist’s theory of proposing a multiverse.
It says that instead of bosons, quarks and leptons (particles told before), it proposes that everything is made up of strings (even those particles), which are like strings of a violin, predicting 11 dimensions (to get the perfect universe). therefore, everything was not made from nothing. It was made from virtual particles (which form in pairs instantly and much like matter and antimatter in the big bang, disintegrate in pairs. so they basically take energy, form, do something, give back energy, die, and the process continues on a loop. This also indicates that if one spawns outside a black hole and another spawns inside, it may consume a bit of the black hole, causing it to eventually die {alternate interpretation of Hawking Radiation in lieu of Quantum Mechanics}).
As the process of disintegration and formation occurs with virtual particles, it is suggested that the universe did the same too [although it has a really low probability (unquantifiable level)]. However the universe won’t collapse because it’s flat [a 3 dimensional object (virtual particle) collapses], thereby suggesting that matter + gravity=0.. Now, remember how I told you that everything has a 0.5 probability of happening, the string theory further can be explained to suggest that the alternate outcome happened in another universe. (The Multiversal theory). This also means that everything is predictable.
Therefore,
The string theory says that our universe started from virtual particle interaction.
However,
Quantum mechanics interfered and Schrödinger’s Cat joined in to say that every single virtual particle, due to superposition, either collapsed, or remained alive. This means that there was a possibility that several virtual particle interactions led to our universe being born and not born at the same time. However, due to the observer effect, it is impossible for us to, in any way, view the different outcome. [by the way, this also proves my multiversal theory!]
The virtual particles will still continue to interact……………
[Hyperlinks are for wiki pages/other blog posts]
